HMG 75iu

HMG Overview

Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (HMG) is a sophisticated biological preparation containing a balanced combination of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). In the landscape of reproductive science, HMG is recognized for its ability to simulate the natural gonadotropic signals required for the development of germ cells and the production of steroid hormones. Research models utilize HMG to explore the complex interactions within the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, providing a controlled method to analyze hormonal feedback and receptor response.

Experimental investigations often focus on HMG’s dual-action signaling. By providing both FSH and LH activity, HMG allows for the study of synchronized follicular growth and the subsequent maturation of oocytes in female models. In male research environments, HMG is examined for its capacity to stimulate both Sertoli and Leydig cells, which are essential for maintaining spermatogenic cycles and androgen synthesis. This makes HMG an indispensable tool for understanding reproductive efficiency and the molecular pathways governing fertility.

HMG Structure

Chemical Makeup

HMG is a purified glycoprotein complex. It is composed of two primary heterodimeric hormones, each consisting of a common alpha subunit and a unique beta subunit that determines biological specificity. Because HMG is a biological extract, it exhibits natural variations in glycosylation, meaning its molecular mass is presented as a characteristic range. The integrity of the protein folding and the ratio of FSH to LH are verified through rigorous laboratory analysis to ensure research consistency.

Structure Solution Formula

The molecular architecture of HMG consists of the following protein sequences:

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone: Alpha Subunit (92 Amino Acids) and Beta Subunit (111 Amino Acids)

Luteinizing Hormone: Alpha Subunit (92 Amino Acids) and Beta Subunit (121 Amino Acids)

Product Technical Summary

Parameter

Specification Details

Product Name

Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (HMG)

Physical Form

Lyophilized crystalline powder

Purity Grade

99 percent or higher

Active Components

Purified FSH and LH

Solubility

Highly soluble in sterile water or saline

Storage Requirement

Refrigerated at 2 to 8 degrees Celsius

Research Application

Reproductive endocrinology and HPG axis modeling

HMG Research

HMG and Follicular Development

Research indicates that HMG plays a critical role in the proliferation of granulosa cells and the induction of aromatase activity. By supplying both FSH and LH, HMG supports the conversion of androgens into estrogens, a process essential for follicular maturation. Studies using HMG focus on the selection of dominant follicles and the improvement of oocyte quality, providing insights into the mechanisms of ovulatory success.

HMG and Spermatogenesis

In male reproductive studies, HMG is utilized to investigate the restoration of germ cell production. The FSH component initiates the maturation of seminiferous tubules, while the LH component ensures the production of intratesticular testosterone. Experimental data suggests that the combined action found in HMG is more effective at supporting full spermatogenic progression than single-hormone treatments in specific research models.

HMG and Endocrine Regulation

HMG is a primary tool for mapping the feedback loops of the endocrine system. Scientists use HMG to study how exogenous gonadotropins affect the secretion of endogenous hormones and the sensitivity of gonadal receptors. This research is vital for understanding endocrine disorders and developing strategies to synchronize hormonal peaks in complex biological systems.

HMG and Assisted Reproduction Research

Clinical and preclinical evaluations explore the optimization of HMG dosing to achieve predictable ovarian responses. Research tracks the impact of HMG on endometrial receptivity and the timing of the luteal phase, offering valuable data for the refinement of assisted reproductive protocols. These investigations contribute to a comprehensive understanding of how to manage reproductive outcomes through precise hormonal modulation.

Article Author

This literature review was compiled, edited, and organized by Dr. Bruno Lunenfeld, M.D., an internationally recognized endocrinologist and reproductive medicine pioneer. Dr. Lunenfeld is best known for his pioneering contributions to the discovery, purification, and clinical development of Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (HMG). His groundbreaking work established the scientific and therapeutic foundations for modern gonadotropin-based fertility treatments and advanced understanding of reproductive endocrinology.

Scientific Journal Author

Dr. Bruno Lunenfeld has conducted extensive research on human gonadotropins, with a focus on the physiological interplay between follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in both male and female reproductive systems. His collaborative studies with other leading scientists—including J. Balasch, L. Casarini, F. Zegers-Hochschild, and A.P. Ferraretti—have elucidated the molecular mechanisms of gonadotropin signaling, steroidogenesis, and follicular dynamics.

Dr. Lunenfeld’s decades-long contributions have been instrumental in shaping the field of reproductive endocrinology and assisted reproductive technology (ART). This citation acknowledges the scientific achievements of Dr. Lunenfeld and his collaborators and is intended solely to recognize their research contributions. Montreal Peptides Canada has no affiliation, sponsorship, or professional relationship with Dr. Lunenfeld or any of the researchers cited.

Reference Citations

1. Brown J, et al. Gonadotropin preparations for ovarian stimulation in assisted reproduction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;4(4):CD000464. PMID: 28407266. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28407266/
2. Balasch J, et al. The role of LH and FSH in ovarian steroidogenesis. Hum Reprod Update. 2001;7(2):163-178. PMID: 11284661. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11284661/
3. Lunenfeld B. Human menopausal gonadotropin: a pioneer drug. Reprod Biomed Online. 2004;9(3):283-290. PMID: 15454083. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15454083/
4. Ferraretti AP, et al. Gonadotropin-dependent follicular dynamics. Fertil Steril. 2019;111(4):680-690. PMID: 30690191. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30690191/
5. Casarini L, et al. Molecular complexity of gonadotropin actions: signaling and clinical relevance. Endocr Rev. 2018;39(6):911-939. PMID: 30204884. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30204884/
6. Zegers-Hochschild F, et al. HMG in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation models. BJOG. 2017;124(5):716-724. PMID: 27790852. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27790852/
7. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03290707. Comparative gonadotropin response research. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03290707
8. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03877353. Endocrine effects of HMG-driven follicular development. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03877353

Storage

Storage Instructions

HMG is supplied as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder, a process that maximizes the shelf life and stability of the glycoprotein hormones. During shipping, the lyophilized form remains stable at room temperature for approximately 3 to 4 months. To preserve the biological activity over the long term, specific storage protocols must be observed.

Reconstituted HMG (mixed with bacteriostatic water) is significantly more fragile. The liquid solution must be kept in a refrigerator between 2 and 8 degrees Celsius and should be used within 30 days to ensure experimental accuracy.

Best Practices For Storing Peptides

Proper storage is essential to prevent the denaturation of the complex protein structures within HMG.

• Temperature Management: For immediate research use, refrigeration is sufficient. For long-term preservation (exceeding 6 months), storage in a freezer at -80 degrees Celsius is recommended to prevent structural degradation.
• Light and Air: Peptides are sensitive to UV light and oxygen. Vials should be kept in a dark environment and remained sealed until the moment of use.
• Freeze-Thaw Cycles: Repeatedly freezing and thawing a solution can break the molecular bonds of the hormones. It is best to divide the peptide into smaller aliquots for individual experiments.

Preventing Oxidation and Moisture Contamination

HMG contains amino acids that are susceptible to oxidation when exposed to air. To protect the integrity of the product, always ensure the vial is tightly sealed. When removing a vial from cold storage, allow it to reach room temperature before opening to prevent moisture from the air from condensing inside the vial. Moisture can lead to rapid degradation of the lyophilized powder.

Peptide Storage Containers

High-quality glass vials are preferred for HMG storage due to their chemical inertness. While plastic vials are often used for shipping to prevent breakage, glass offers a superior barrier against gas permeation. Researchers should choose containers that minimize the amount of air space (headspace) above the product to further reduce the risk of oxidation.