KPV Tripeptide

KPV TRIPEPTIDE Overview

KPV is a biologically active tripeptide representing the C-terminal residues 11 through 13 of the alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). Composed of the amino acids Lysine, Proline, and Valine, KPV is a non-pigmentary signaling molecule known for its potent anti-inflammatory properties. Unlike the full-length alpha-MSH precursor, KPV does not activate the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) associated with skin pigmentation, allowing researchers to study its immunomodulatory effects in isolation.

Scientific investigation focuses on KPV's ability to interfere with the inflammatory cascade by modulating the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. By suppressing the translocation of this transcription factor, KPV helps reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby protecting epithelial tissues from oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. It is currently utilized in laboratory settings to explore advanced treatments for inflammatory bowel disease and various autoimmune skin disorders.

KPV TRIPEPTIDE Structure

• Molecular Formula: C17H29N5O4
• Molecular Weight: 371.44 grams per mole
• Sequence: Lysine-Proline-Valine
• Structure Solution Formula: H-Lysine-Proline-Valine-OH (C17H29N5O4)
• Purity: 98 percent (HPLC Batch-Certified)
• Appearance: Lyophilized white powder

Research Attribute

Detail

Peptide Type

alpha-MSH Derivative

Active Sequence

Lys-Pro-Val

Cellular Target

Intracellular NF-kappaB pathways

Solubility

Highly soluble in aqueous solutions

Net Charge

Positive at physiological pH

KPV TRIPEPTIDE Research

KPV and Gut Inflammation

In models of gastrointestinal distress, KPV has demonstrated the capacity to reinforce the intestinal barrier. By inhibiting the production of TNF-alpha and IL-8, KPV helps mitigate the inflammatory response in intestinal epithelial cells. Research indicates that KPV may be transported into these cells via the PepT1 transporter, allowing for direct intracellular regulation of inflammation.

KPV and Antimicrobial Properties

KPV research extends to its role in host defense. Studies show it exerts antimicrobial effects against pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Its mechanism is believed to involve a combination of direct microbial inhibition and the enhancement of host epithelial resistance.

KPV and Skin Barrier Integrity

KPV is a subject of interest in dermatological studies regarding the restoration of the skin barrier. It has been shown to reduce localized edema and accelerate the repair of keratinocytes, suggesting its utility in research models for wound healing and inflammatory dermatitis.

Article Author

This review was compiled and edited by Dr. Antonio Catania, M.D., Ph.D. Dr. Catania is a distinguished authority in the field of melanocortin peptides. His research has been instrumental in defining how small peptide fragments like KPV can regulate complex immune responses. Alongside collaborators such as Dr. John M. Lipton, he has authored foundational papers that describe the anti-cytokine activities of alpha-MSH fragments.

Scientific Journal Author

Dr. Antonio Catania has published extensively in the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Immunology Today, and Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. His collaborative work with Dr. Stephen J. Getting and Dr. Robert A. Star has significantly advanced the understanding of peptide-based inflammation control. These academic contributions establish KPV as a high-value tool for modern immunological and epithelial research.

Reference Citations

1. Catania A, et al. The neuropeptide alpha-MSH in host defense. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;885:149-170.
2. Getting SJ. Melanocortin peptides and their receptors: new targets for anti-inflammatory therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2002;23(10):447-449.
3. Lipton JM, Catania A. Anti-inflammatory actions of the neuroimmunomodulator alpha-MSH. Immunol Today. 1997;18(4):140-145.
4. Star RA, et al. Melanocortin peptide therapy of experimental inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 1998;114(5):923-932.
5. Catania A, Lipton JM. Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone in the modulation of host reactions. Endocr Rev. 1993;14(5):564-576.
6. Getting SJ, et al. Melanocortin peptides and their receptors in inflammation and disease. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2006;6(3):193-203.
7. Brzoska T, et al. Melanocortins: multiple actions on skin barrier function. Exp Dermatol. 2008;17(9):793-803.
8. Ceriani G, et al. The neuropeptide alpha-MSH exerts immunomodulatory and antimicrobial actions in experimental models. Peptides. 2006;27(6):1835-1843.
9. Catania A, et al. The melanocortin system in control of inflammation. Scientific WorldJournal. 2010;10:1840-1853.

Storage and Handling

For optimal stability, keep lyophilized KPV at -20 degrees Celsius. Once reconstituted with sterile water or bacteriostatic water, the solution should be refrigerated at 4 degrees Celsius and used within 30 days. To avoid degradation, divide the solution into smaller aliquots to prevent repeated freeze-thaw cycles.