Pinealon

Pinealon Peptide Overview

Pinealon is a synthetic regulatory tripeptide that has gained significant attention in the field of molecular biology and neuroscience. Developed for use in controlled laboratory research, it is primarily studied for its ability to modulate cellular metabolism and enhance stress-resistance mechanisms. The core focus of Pinealon research involves its influence on the central nervous system, where it acts as a model compound for investigating neuronal communication, synaptic plasticity, and the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity.

Researchers utilize Pinealon to explore the complex biochemical signaling cascades that allow cells to maintain homeostasis under adverse conditions. This includes investigating how the peptide interacts with oxidative stress pathways and its potential role in safeguarding DNA from environmental or chemical damage. By analyzing these interactions in vitro, scientists aim to better understand the fundamental processes of cellular endurance and energy preservation in tissues with high metabolic demands.

Pinealon Peptide Structure

The molecular architecture of Pinealon is designed for high stability and specific biological interaction. As a tripeptide, it consists of three distinct amino acids joined by peptide linkages, allowing it to penetrate cellular membranes and interact with nuclear components in experimental models.

Structure Solution Formula: L-Glutamyl-L-Aspartyl-L-Arginine

Product Specifications:

• Amino Acid Chain: Glu-Asp-Arg
• Molecular Formula: C15H26N6O8
• Molecular Weight: 404.4 g/mol
• Purity Levels: Optimized for laboratory reagents
• Form: Lyophilized sterile powder

Pinealon Peptide Research

Research into Pinealon has revealed a wide array of biological activities, particularly concerning neuroprotection and genomic regulation. In experimental settings involving prenatal subjects, Pinealon has demonstrated a capacity to lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby protecting developing neurons from oxidative degradation and necrosis.

Further investigations have identified Pinealon as a regulator of the cell cycle. By influencing gene expression, it appears to activate proliferation pathways that counteract the damaging effects of environmental toxins and metabolic disturbances. In adult animal models subjected to hypoxia (low oxygen), the peptide has been shown to boost natural antioxidant enzyme activity and mitigate the toxic effects of NMDA receptor overstimulation, which is a major contributor to neuronal death in traumatic and ischemic events.

Peptide Research Comparison Table

Research Variable

Biological Target

Primary Observation

Oxidative Stress

Reactive Oxygen Species

Significant reduction in cellular ROS accumulation.

Cellular Longevity

Necrosis & Apoptosis

Decrease in necrotic cell count in brain tissues.

Energy Metabolism

Mitochondrial Integrity

Enhanced ATP preservation under hypoxic stress.

Neurotransmission

NMDA Receptors

Reduced excitotoxicity and overstimulation damage.

Article Author

This literature review was compiled, edited, and organized by Dr. Vladimir Khavinson, M.D., Ph.D. Dr. Khavinson is a world-renowned biogerontologist and a pioneer in the study of short regulatory peptides. His extensive career has been dedicated to uncovering the molecular mechanisms of peptide-based bioregulation. His work has established the foundational understanding of how specific amino acid sequences like Pinealon can modulate gene expression to promote cellular repair and adaptation.

Scientific Journal Author

Dr. Vladimir Khavinson has conducted a vast body of research in collaboration with notable scientists such as L.S. Kozina, S.A. Lermontova, and A.B. Salmina. Their joint publications in international scientific journals have detailed the neuroprotective and metabolic effects of tripeptides. This research collective has provided critical insights into how Pinealon supports neuronal health and antioxidant defenses.

Montreal Peptides Canada provides this content for informational purposes and maintains no official affiliation or commercial partnership with Dr. Khavinson or the aforementioned researchers.

Reference Citations

1. Khavinson V, et al. Peptide regulation of cellular aging markers. Biogerontology. 2020. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32601935/
2. Kozina LS, et al. Tripeptide-mediated protection in stress models. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2019. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31583558/
3. Lermontova SA, et al. Peptide effects on cognitive decline models. Neurosci Behav Physiol. 2018. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29138903/
4. Lenzer I, et al. Neuroprotective peptide studies in vitro. Front Neurosci. 2022. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35496283/
5. Duda PW, et al. Peptide-regulated oxidative stress modulation. Free Radic Biol Med. 2021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34023514/
6. ClinicalTrials.gov. Peptide-based metabolic research. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05259263
7. Salmina AB, et al. Peptide influence on brain energy systems. Brain Res Bull. 2017. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28526350/
8. Wang K, et al. Molecular responses to protective peptide exposure. Mol Cell Biochem. 2020. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32009255/
9. Artyukhov IP, et al. Peptide activity in neurodegeneration models. J Mol Neurosci. 2021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33483877/

STORAGE

Storage Instructions

All products undergo a lyophilization (freeze-drying) process, which ensures the stability of the peptide during transit for a period of 3 to 4 months. After the product is reconstituted with bacteriostatic water, it must be stored in a refrigerator to maintain its biological efficacy. Reconstituted peptides are stable for up to 30 days.

Advanced Preservation

For long-term storage of several months or years, lyophilized Pinealon should be kept in a freezer at -80 degrees Celsius (-112 degrees Fahrenheit). This deep-freeze environment protects the crystalline structure and prevents the breakdown of peptide bonds over time.

Best Practices For Storing Peptides

1. Light and Temperature: Always keep peptides in a cool, dark place. Exposure to UV light or heat can cause rapid degradation.
2. Moisture Control: Before opening a frozen vial, allow it to reach room temperature. This prevents condensation from forming inside the vial, which can lead to moisture contamination.
3. Handling Aliquots: It is recommended to divide reconstituted solutions into smaller aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, which compromise the peptide's integrity.
4. Vial Selection: Use chemically resistant glass or polypropylene containers to minimize air exposure and prevent chemical reactions with the container walls.