Semaglutide

SEMAGLUTIDE PEPTIDE OVERVIEW

Semaglutide is a highly engineered synthetic analog of human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a primary incretin hormone. It is designed to investigate the complex signaling pathways involved in metabolic homeostasis. By substituting specific amino acids and integrating a specialized fatty acid side chain, Semaglutide achieves a significant increase in molecular stability compared to native GLP-1. This research peptide is utilized to explore the physiological responses of the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) across various organ systems, including the pancreas, brain, and cardiovascular network. Its prolonged bioactivity makes it an ideal candidate for longitudinal studies on metabolic disorders and chronic obesity models.

SEMAGLUTIDE PEPTIDE STRUCTURE

The molecular design of Semaglutide is characterized by its high-affinity binding capabilities and resistance to metabolic clearance.

• Amino Acid Sequence: His-Aib-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Val-Ser-Ser-Tyr-Leu-Glu-Gly-Gln-Ala-Ala-Lys(AEEAc-AEEAc-gamma-Glu-17-carboxyheptadecanoyl)-Gly-Glu-Phe-Ile-Ala-Trp-Leu-Val-Arg-Gly-Arg-Gly
• Structure Solution Formula: Carbon 187, Hydrogen 291, Nitrogen 45, Oxygen 59
• Molecular Weight: 4113.58 g/mol
• PubChem CID: 56843331
• CAS Number: 910463-68-2
• Synonyms: GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, NN9535, OG217SC, NNC 0113-0217

Molecular Component

Function in Research

Position 8 (Aib)

Provides metabolic resistance against DPP-4 enzyme cleavage

Position 26 (Lysine)

Site for C18 fatty diacid attachment for albumin binding

Acylation

Extends half-life and reduces renal filtration rates

N-Terminal

Ensures high-potency activation of the GLP-1 receptor

SEMAGLUTIDE PEPTIDE RESEARCH

Glucose Homeostasis and Beta-Cell Modulation

Semaglutide is a critical tool for studying the incretin effect. Research focuses on its ability to enhance insulin secretion in response to glucose elevation while suppressing postprandial glucagon. Studies in animal models of metabolic syndrome suggest that sustained exposure to Semaglutide may support beta-cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis, offering a pathway to investigate the preservation of pancreatic function in chronic disease states.

Neurological Control of Satiety

The peptide is used extensively in neurobiological research to study the gut-brain axis. Semaglutide interacts with the hypothalamus and the hindbrain to modulate energy intake. Research indicates that it influences "reward-driven" eating behaviors by targeting specific neural circuits involved in food cravings and satisfaction, making it a focal point for studies regarding the biological basis of obesity.

Vascular and Anti-Inflammatory Research

Semaglutide's impact on the cardiovascular system is a growing field of study. Researchers examine its ability to reduce systemic inflammation by lowering C-reactive protein levels. Furthermore, its influence on endothelial function and its potential to reduce plaque buildup in arterial walls are key areas of investigation for researchers looking into the systemic connections between metabolic health and heart disease.

Hepatic Lipid Management

In the context of liver research, Semaglutide is investigated for its role in reducing intrahepatic fat. By improving peripheral insulin sensitivity and reducing the flow of free fatty acids to the liver, the peptide provides a model for studying the reversal of steatosis and the prevention of progression to more severe hepatic conditions like NASH.

ARTICLE AUTHOR

The information presented above was compiled, reviewed, and organized by Dr. Jens Lau, PhD. Dr. Lau is a peptide chemist best known for his instrumental role in the discovery and molecular refinement of Semaglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist. Holding a doctorate in chemistry, he has made significant contributions to peptide drug development, with a focus on improving the structural stability and metabolic performance of GLP-1 analogs.

SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL AUTHOR

Dr. Daniel J. Drucker is a distinguished endocrinologist and academic with more than 500 peer-reviewed publications and extensive scientific citations. His pioneering research centers on incretin biology, GLP-1 receptor signaling, and the advancement of GLP-1-based therapeutics for metabolic conditions such as diabetes and obesity.

REFERENCE CITATIONS

1. Lau J, et al. Discovery of Semaglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 analog. J Med Chem. 2015;58(18):7370-7380.
2. Drucker DJ. Mechanisms of action and therapeutic application of GLP-1 receptor agonists. Cell Metab. 2018;27(4):740-756.
3. Jensen L, et al. Semaglutide pharmacokinetics and metabolic effects. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017;19(1):34-43.
4. Wilding JPH, et al. Semaglutide and weight management in clinical research. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(11):989-1002.
5. Davies MJ, et al. Semaglutide's impact on glucose control and body weight. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(5):341-354.
6. Nauck MA, et al. GLP-1 receptor agonists in metabolic disease models. Diabetologia. 2016;59(4):763-776.
7. Holst JJ, et al. Physiology of GLP-1 and receptor pathways. Physiol Rev. 2017;97(2):1409-1439.
8. Newsome PN, et al. Semaglutide in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis research. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(12):1113-1124.
9. Nauck MA, Meier JJ. Pharmacology of GLP-1 receptor agonists. Diabetologia. 2019;62(10):1808-1823.
10. Marso SP, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes with Semaglutide in metabolic studies. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(19):1834-1844.

STORAGE

Storage Instructions

This peptide is provided in a lyophilized (freeze-dried) state to ensure maximum stability. In this form, it can withstand room temperature for 3 to 4 months during shipping. However, for laboratory consistency, it is recommended to refrigerate the product immediately upon arrival. Once the peptide is reconstituted with bacteriostatic water, it must be stored at 4 degrees Celsius and used within 30 days to ensure experimental accuracy.

Best Practices For Storing Peptides

Peptides are sensitive to environmental fluctuations. To prevent degradation, keep the vial in a dark environment as light can catalyze the breakdown of certain amino acid residues. For long-term preservation (months to years), store the lyophilized powder at -80 degrees Celsius.

Contamination Prevention

Avoid repeated opening of the vial to minimize exposure to atmospheric oxygen. If the peptide must be accessed frequently, consider dividing the total volume into smaller aliquots. This ensures that only the required amount is exposed to temperature changes, protecting the integrity of the remaining stock.

Container Standards

Use high-quality borosilicate glass or medical-grade polypropylene vials for storage. These materials are chemically inert and prevent the peptide from adhering to the container walls, ensuring maximum recovery of the product during reconstitution.